95

Spin-spin coupling in neighboring protons:

1. a single proton or a group of n equivalent protons X, then J-coupling between A and X leads to a splitting of the signal from proton A with a multiplicity of
   
   

   MA = nX + 1



2. several sets of equivalent protons M, X...
   (z.B. CH_n^M- CH^A=CH_n^X) with n_M, n_X, etc. protons. In that case the protons of these groups couple independently with proton A. The splitting then occurs according to
   
   

   MA = (nM + 1) * (nX + 1) ...